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Leptosphaeria maculans
''Leptosphaeria maculans'' (anamorph ''Phoma lingam'') is a fungal pathogen of the phylum Ascomycota that is the causal agent of blackleg disease on ''Brassica'' crops. Symptoms of blackleg generally include basal stem cankers, small grey lesions on leaves, and root rot. The major yield loss is due to stem canker. The fungus is dispersed by the wind as ascospores or rain splash in the case of the conidia. ''L. maculans'' grows best in wet conditions and a temperature range of 5-20 degrees Celsius. Rotation of crops, removal of stubble, application of fungicide, and crop resistance are all used to manage blackleg. The fungus is an important pathogen of ''Brassica napus'' (canola) crops.
== Host and symptoms ==
''L. maculans'' causes phoma stem canker or blackleg. Symptoms generally include basal stem cankers, small grey oval lesions on the leaf tissue and root rot (as the fungus can directly penetrate roots).〔Sprague, S. Howlett, B. Kirkegaard, J. Watt M. "Pathways of infection of ''Brassica napus'' roots by ''Leptosphaeria maculans''" ''New Phytologist'', 2007, ''176'', 211-222〕''L. maculans'' infects a wide variety of ''Brassicae'' crops including cabbage and oilseed rape. ''L. maculans'' is especially virulent on ''Brassica napus''. The first dramatic epidemic of ''L. maculans'' occurred in Wisconsin on cabbage.〔Dilmaghani, A. Despeghel, J.P. Phillips, D. Moreno-Rico, O. Rouxel, T. Gout, C. Vincenot, L. Wu, C. J.P. Balesdent, M.H. Li, Hua. Barbetti, M.J. Davey, J. "The ''Leptosphaeria maculans- Leptosphaeria biglobosa'' species complex in the American continent.", ''Plant Pathology'', 2009, ''58'', 1044-1058〕 The disease is diagnosed by the presence of small black pycnidia which occur on the edge of the leaf lesions. The presence of these pycnidia allow for this disease to be distinguished from ''Alternaria brassicae'', another foliar pathogen with similar lesions, but no pycnidia.〔http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/fungi/ascomycetes/Pages/Blackleg.aspx, "Blackleg of Oilseed Rape.", ''Apsnet'', 2012〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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